[Chemical composition] Zn may replace Cu (up to 12%) in the form of isomorphism, and impurities such as Ca, Fe, Si, Ti, Na, Pb, Ba, Mn, V, etc. adsorbed or mechanically mixed. The Zn-containing variant of malachite is called zinc malachite.
[Crystal structure] monoclinic system; 
a 0 =0.948 nm, b 0 =1.203 nm, c 0 =0.321 nm; β=98°; Z=4. The crystal structure is characterized by: [Cu(O, OH) 6 ] octahedral co-edge connection, parallel c-axis extending into double-strand, and the chains are connected by [CO 3 ].
[Form] Crystals are rare, usually columnar, needle-like or fibrous along the c-axis. It is easy to (100) into a dovetail twin (Figure H-11), and twins are more common than single crystals. The aggregates are cluster-like, kidney-like, grape-like, hull-like, filled with veins, powder, soil, etc. (Fig. H-12). The inside of the renal aggregate has the characteristics of concentric layer or radial fiber, and the ring is composed of green to white with different shades.
Earthy green malachite called copper (also known as malachite green).
Figure H-11 Malachite crystals (a) Twin crystals (b), (c), (d)
(quoted from Pan Zhaoyu, 1993)
Figure H-12 Malachite crystal aggregate
[Physical properties] usually green, but the larger color tone change from dark green, bright green to white; pale green streaks; glass just to gold luster, silky luster was by fiber. Cleavage {201}, {010} complete. Hardness 3.5 to 4. The relative density is 4.0 to 4.5.
[genesis and occurrence] Malachite is produced in the oxidation zone of copper deposits. Its reaction formula:
CuFeS 2 +4O 2 ===CuSO 4 +FeSO 4
2CuSO 4 +2CaCO 3 +H 2 O===2Cu 2 (CO 3 )(OH) 2 +2CaSO 4 +CO 2 Malachite Changyi azurite, azurite, natural copper, calcite , chalcopyrite, etc. Artifacts. China's Yangchun Shizuo Copper Mine is a large-scale malachite and azurite copper deposit.
[Identification characteristics] The characteristics of the peacock green, the shape is often kidney-like, grape-like, and its interior has a radial fiber and concentric layer.
[Main use] Copper can be smelted in large quantities. The pure and beautiful malachite can be used as an ornament and artwork. The powder can be used as a green pigment. Malachite can be used as a prospecting mark for copper mines.
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