I. Early planting at the right time and inserting basic seedlings At present, the main technical way to obtain a balanced increase in rice production in large areas is still to increase the number of effective panicles, ensure the number of effective panicles, and attack the number of panicles at the same time, and achieve high yields through the coordination of panicles and grains. According to the conditions of the previous crop, water should be planted as early as possible. Wide lines and narrow lines are adopted, with a small number of shallow insertions and basic footings. The general spacing is 26.7 to 30.0 centimeters, plant spacing is 13.3-16.7 centimeters, 1.5 to 18,000 holes are inserted in Mu, 1 to 2 hybrid rices, and 2 to 3 conventional rices. Based on comprehensive factors such as yield and seedling quality, reasonable basics are determined. mu. Before transplanting seedlings, 3 to 4 days before the seedlings are transplanted, they are generally given the “supplying fertilizer†and “send marrying medicines†so that they can bring the medicine with fertilizer into Datian.
Second, the early management of premature ejaculation early, competing for more spikes in the application of base fertilizer on the basis of early application of nitrogen fertilizer delivery is to promote the early onset of childbirth, an important condition for rapid delivery. That is to say, the strong and dry seedlings of dry cultivation can promote the use of fertilizers as early-stage fertilizers in the planting (planting) conditions. Generally, the transplanted rice is planted for the first time in 5 to 7 days after planting. 70% to 80% of the total fertilizer; another 7 to 10 days to see seedlings that are weak, light-colored fields make up strong fertilizer, promote balance. It reached the early stage but did not overdo it. It created conditions for the stable growth in the medium term.
Third, timely land, proper control of seedlings (a) control the seedlings. Putting fields can effectively change the field environment, which can not only reduce the scale of growth of ineffective tillers, but also increase the carbon metabolism of rice plants, increase the colonization resistance of the population, and even apply the panicle fertilizer in time to attack the strong culms to create conditions. Usually 20 to 25 days after transplanting. The fields with good land and fertile seedlings should be put off for early watering and should be properly restocked when the number of stems per plant in the field reaches 80% of the expected high-yield panicles. In fields with insufficient seedlings, it is advisable to postpone the holding of fields and lightly postpone the fields. The mastery of the extent of holding up plots is mainly that the soil in the fields is not impregnated, and the soil in the middle of the plots does not sink. At the same time, it is generally seen that rice plants emit white new roots, and the leaves of the whole field are straightened, and the leaf color fades and fades yellow. The peak seedlings are controlled at 1.3 times of the ideal panicles with high yield; the rice seedlings transplanted, machine inserted, and direct seeded can be cultivated. Controlled at 1.4 times.
(b) rehydrated long ear, wet irrigation. After the end of the paddy field, the water should be rehydrated in time. Until the rice is harvested one week ago, quantitative wet irrigation is adopted. That is, every time a shallow water layer of 2 to 3 centimeters is poured in the field, when there is no accumulation of water in the waterless layer of the whole field, and the depth of 15 to 20 centimeters in the high yield groove (shelf ditch), the shallow water layer is re-constituted. Satisfy the physiological and ecological water demand for high yield, high quality and stress resistance of rice, and it can also save water by 20-30% compared with traditional irrigation.
Fourth, give good grain and fertilizer, balance to win high yield (a) classification application panicle fertilizer. Topdressing panicle fertilizer is an indispensable measure to consolidate the number of panicles and obtain high yields by attacking large panicles. It generally accounts for 20 to 35% of the total nitrogen fertilizer application, and long-growing indica rice (including middle and late rice varieties) should be included in the total application. 40 to 50% of the amount of nitrogen, and the amount of potassium applied in panicle fertilizer generally accounts for 40 to 50% of the total potassium application. For the moderately-populated plots, the japonica rice varieties in the inverted 4-leaf stage and the inverted 2-leaf stage each promoted the use of flower-fertilizers and flower-preserving fertilizers. Indica-type hybrid rice generally only applied 1-staged flowering fertilizer in the inverted 2-leaf stage; Long, dark green leaves, draped leaves, and a large number of populations with stems and pods, conventional cultivars can be postponed until the last three leaf stages, appropriate light application of flower-fertilizer, glutinous hybrid rice can be postponed to the second leaf stage suitable Shibao Huafei, indica hybrid rice was postponed until the first leaf stage was lightly applied to protect the flowering fertilizer, but Wangwangtian was not fertilized. For paddy fields with less yellow and pods and insufficient growth, the indica type rice could be in the early 4th leaf stage. Application, re-application of flower fertilizer, pour 3 leaf stage and then depending on the seedlings to promote flower fertilizer; Indica rice can be applied in the inverted 3 leaf stage on the basis of promoting flowering fertilizer, in the inverted 1 leaf stage as seedlings to protect fertilizer. In order to promote high yield, quality, and resistance to rice, phosphorus, potash fertilizer, and silicon fertilizer can be appropriately added in the 4th leaf stage.
(b) Topdressing granular fertilizers as appropriate. Into the heading grouting stage, mainly to see the seedlings do a good job outside the top dressing, generally top-dressing potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 to 2 times, each time 100 grams per acre; on the pale color of the leaf, you can add urea 500 grams per acre In order to protect the leaves, increase grain weight.
Fifth, comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases, anti-hazard harvest (a) control of pests and diseases. The mid-rice heading grouting during the fruiting period has high temperature, high air humidity, and the leaf area of ​​the rice population will also reach its maximum value. The field microclimate is very suitable for the occurrence of a variety of pests and diseases. Therefore, rice fields should strengthen the proneness of susceptible rice aphids (including vertical leafhoppers), planthoppers, stripe leaf blight, sheath blight, bacterial blight, rice blast, and rice smut disease. Dynamic, active organization and prevention. At the timing of prevention and control, we must grasp the overall prevention and control technology of diseases and pests from the break to the heading stage. In the case of rice smut, which is an increasingly dangerous hazard in recent years, rice blast disease in the Yangtze and Huaihe River regions, and stripe blight, it is necessary to comprehensively prevent and treat drug use earlier. Especially in the recurrence zone of stripe blight, it is necessary to effectively strengthen the effective prevention and control of the fly-fly in the middle of the field and the middle of Datian.
(b) Anti-disaster harvest. For flood-prone rice fields, timely drainage, wet irrigation, focus on disease prevention, timely application of chemical fertilizers, and conditional application of extra-root fertilizer. For drought-fed rice, it is necessary to make full use of various sources of water, timely replenishment of water, increase irrigation efficiency, and promote rice growth and development. During the key growth periods before and after rice booting and heading, in the event of high temperatures above 35°C, paddy fields must maintain the water layer and adjust the temperature with water.
Author: Ministry of Agriculture rice expert Steering Group