1. Rice soil testing and formula fertilization must master the principles of set production by soil, fertilizer by production, deficiency due to deficiency, organic-inorganic combination, balanced application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
One is to test the soil. Soil testing is the premise of soil testing and formulating fertilization. By analyzing and measuring soil nutrients, we can accurately grasp the status of soil nutrients and fertilizer supply performance, and provide scientific basis for formula fertilization. Second, we must have good formulas. Formulation is the key to fertilization. On the basis of soil testing, according to the soil characteristics, cultivation habits, crop manure requirements, production levels and climate conditions, combined with the previous year's yield level, determine the target yield, and then based on the effect of fertilizer, put forward nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium The most suitable amount and the best ratio; the third is with fertilizer (fertilizer). According to the formulation requirements, select high-quality single fertilizer or special fertilizer, compound fertilizer, organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and other fertilizer varieties for scientific matching; Fourth, fertilization model. According to the soil type, the crop's fertility characteristics and fertilizer requirements, formulate the corresponding fertilization mode.
The amount of fertilizer required for rice needs to absorb 2.0-2.4 kg of nitrogen, 0.9-1.4 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 2.5-2.9 kg of potassium oxide per 100 kg of rice, taking into account factors such as soil supply capacity, fertilizer utilization efficiency, and production level. In the case of moderate soil nutrients, the ratio of N, P, and K in fertilizer application should be about 1:0.5:0.9.
2. Apply base fertilizer. Basal fertilizer is dominated by organic fertilizers, supplemented by chemical fertilizers. Organic fertilizer is a complete fertilizer containing various nutrients. In addition to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, it also contains sodium, magnesium, sulfur, calcium, and various trace elements. Applying organic fertilizer can improve the ventilation performance of the soil and improve the performance of maintaining fertilizer and water. Promote the steady growth of rice plants, which will help rice to obtain high yield and quality. Farmhouse fertilizer must use mature farmyard fertilizers.
3. Control nitrogen fertilizer. Appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer rice can promote the growth of rice plants, but excessive application will not only result in increased ineffective tiller, turning green, lodging, disease and pest intensification, but also leading to more empty grains, seed setting rate decreased, affecting rice yield. Therefore, in the growth and development of rice, we must pay attention to control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer.
4. Pay attention to the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are indispensable elements for the growth and development of rice, which can increase the activity of the plant, promote the synthesis and operation of nutrients, strengthen photosynthesis, extend the functional period of the leaves, make the grain full and full, and increase production. Phosphorus fertilizer is suitable for base fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer is better for topdressing.
5. Appropriately supplement the trace elements.
The medium-gravity elements silicon, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur all have the functions of enhancing the stress resistance of rice plants, improving the disease resistance of plants, and promoting the growth of rice. Practice has shown that sulfur fertilizers and silicon-deficient soils are used for the application of silicon fertilizer in sulfur-deficient soils. There is a significant increase in production. Trace elements such as zinc and boron can improve the supply of oxygen in rice roots, increase the stress resistance of rice plants, increase disease resistance of plants, promote root development in the later period, prolong leaf functional period, prevent premature aging, and accelerate the development of flowers. The amount of pollen promotes the germination of the flower buds, which is beneficial to increase the spike rate of rice. It also promotes the growth of large panicles and grains, improves the seed setting rate and the grain filling degree, and thus increases the rice yield.
Second, high yield rice fertilization model reference
The formula for fertilizing rice with a yield of 450-550 kilograms per meter is as follows:
(I) Total amount and ratio of fertilizer application
Fertilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio should be about 1:0.5:0.9, the total is about: nitrogen 10 to 13 kilograms, phosphorus 5 to 7 kilograms, potassium oxide 8 to 12 kilograms.
(II) Fertilization plan
1. Base fertilizer:
(1) Organic Fertilizer: Normal early rice is applied with 1000-2000 kg of fresh green manure or 500-1000 kg of manure or 60-80 kg of commercial organic fertilizer per hectare; late rice can be used as organic manure (the amount of rice returning for early rice straw 1/2 to 2/3) or per acre 500 to 1,000 kilograms of manure or 80 to 100 kilograms of commodity organic fertilizer; a rice per acre of 500 to 1,000 kilograms of manure or 80 to 100 kilograms of commodity organic fertilizer.
(2) Fertilizer: 7-9 kg of urea, 35-45 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate, 4-6 kg of potassium chloride, and 1 kg of zinc sulfate.
2. Topdressing (1) Delivery period: 5-7 kg of urea, 4-6 kg of potassium chloride;
(2) Booting stage: urea 6-8 kg, potassium chloride 5-7 kg;
(3) Heading period: Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2 kg plus urea 0.5 kg Spray 50 kg of water to prevent premature aging.