Filling mining method

I. Overview

The filling method is highly adaptable, and different schemes can obtain high ore recovery indexes under various complicated geological conditions, and thus are widely used for recovering valuable or high-grade ore. However, when the ore surrounding rock is stable, the ore body shape is regular, and the dip angle is steep and steep, the inter-column method can obtain better results by the empty field method, so the filling method is generally used in the following cases:

1. The shape of the ore body is complex, and only the filling method can minimize ore loss and depletion.

2. The dip angle of the ore body is not steep enough. Other methods must be used to excavate a large number of chassis ore roads or make a large loss of ore.

3, the surrounding rock is not stable enough, it is easy to fall off with the empty field method.

4. The ore is not stable enough to ensure safe operation and resource recovery only when it is harvested under a small exposed surface.

According to the stability of the surrounding rock of the ore and the magnitude of the ground pressure, the intermediate column mining method can use the upward stratified filling method and the downward stratified filling method, including stratified filling and approach filling. Both cemented and non-cemented fillings can be used, but the latter are more.

The stope structure and the mining and mining work of the upward horizontal stratified filling method are basically the same as those of the mining back house, as shown in Figure 1. It requires the ore to be stable and the cemented backfill strength R ₂₈ = 1 to 2 MPa. If the mine is filled with non-cemented concrete, it is necessary to construct a concrete partition wall of 0.5 to 1.5 m thick, or both of them need to leave a 1.0 m thick "mine" when mining the inter-column.

Figure 1 Horizontal layered filling mining method mining column

1—filling pipe; 2—sliding mine; 3—personal filtering well; 4—filling; 5—bonding floor;

6—concrete watering layer; 7—upper plate return airway; 8—lower plate transportation roadway; 9—return mining room; 10—recovery mining column

In order to prevent damage to the cemented backfill and strengthen the roof management, it should be noted that:

(1) When returning to the mining room, the stope measurement should be strengthened to prevent the column from skewing, twisting or over-exploding;

(2) Filling in time after stratified mining, do not expose the top plate and side sill too high;

(3) Generally, the upper blast hole is used, and the boundary blasthole is kept at a distance of 0.5 to 1.5 m from the filling body, and the charging is less. In some mines, after falling into the blasthole, the top is flattened with an encrypted horizontal blasthole.

(4) It is taken to the upper part of the stope, especially to the roadway of the upper stage, and it can be filled and reclaimed according to the safety requirements.

When the ore is not stable, it is difficult to ensure the safety of the column with the upward stratification. Although the box bracket filling method can be used, the pit wood consumption is large, the labor intensity is large, the labor productivity is low, the bracket process requirement is high, and the difficulty is still generated when the ground pressure is large. Using the downward stratified filling method, the road is recovered under the overall stable concrete artificial roof, which is safe and flexible, and easy to mechanize the mining operation. Compared with the stratified caving method under the same conditions, the downward stratified filling method is actually safer and more reliable, and can maintain the surface and coordinate with the mining method of the mine. Thus, some non-ferrous metal foreign unstable in mine ore, the mining back to column (especially the latter recovery of pillars) pressed large, low-grade cement tailings backfill (R ₂₈ = 0.2 ~ 0.6MPa) back The mining room is filled back into the mining column in the downward direction and achieved good results. For example, the Hardy Mine of Canada's Eagle Bridge Nickel Company has a lenticular shape with a dip angle of 30 to 35°. The lower plate is a layer of water-bearing sandy rock and gravel, which are not stable enough. Mining in two steps: the mine is 10m wide, the pillar is 8m wide, and the stage is 30m high. Before 1957, the mining house was recovered by water sand filling method with concrete partition wall, and the pillar was recovered by the box pillar filling method. When the mining house is harvested, the movement on the upper plate is still small, but when it returns to the mining column, the upper plate will fall and the recovery will be difficult. It was changed to a low-grade cement tailings cemented layered filling mining method mining house, and the safety conditions were significantly improved after the lower layered filling method mining column.

When mining the column, it can be filled with a lower stratified layer (Fig. 2) or horizontally layered, which is related to the mining (especially mining) equipment used. Tilt stratification facilitates top filling. The inlet is filled with cement or water sand. In the latter case, a reinforced concrete layer of about 250 to 300 mm thick is to be poured on the inlet floor as a lower layered false roof.

Figure 2 Downward stratified stratified filling mining method mining column

1—filling body of the column; 2—filling body of the mine; 3—stage transportation lane;

4—pulse outer patio; 5—passing vein roadway; 6—filling the patio; 7—sliding mine

Second, the example of filling mining method mining column

(A) Copper Mountain Mine flush the filling method to recovery between horizontal slice tailing column

(B) a lead zinc ore Huangshaping layered dry filling method between the horizontal column Mining

(3) Canada's Frudderstoby Mine down to stratified filling mining method mining column

(4) The Lower Lameersberg Mine in the Federal Republic of Germany, the stratified wind-filled mining method

For the above examples, please refer to the relevant items in the “Example of Filling Mining Method for Filling Mining Method” in this website.