Differences Between Hoists and Cranes

Differences Between Hoists and Cranes

9 January, 2022

Hoists and cranes are two distinct machines that serve different purposes in industrial settings. However, many people confuse the two, often using the terms interchangeably. While a hoist is primarily designed to lift and lower heavy objects vertically, a crane offers more versatility by moving loads in multiple directions—both horizontally and vertically.

Main Differences Between Hoists and Cranes

Some of the basic differences between cranes and hoists include:

• A crane moves objects both vertically and horizontally, while a hoist only lowers objects vertically.
• A crane can move in multiple directions, while a hoist typically moves in one direction.
• While a crane is a complex machine on its own, hoists are usually components of cranes.

What is a Hoist?

A hoist is a device designed specifically for lifting and lowering heavy loads vertically. It is often used as part of a larger system, such as a crane, and is mounted on a bridge girder. When attached to a trolley, it can move along the bridge. Chain hoists are ideal for lifting objects weighing less than 5 tons, and they are known for their simplicity and low maintenance requirements.

Wire rope hoists, on the other hand, are better suited for heavier loads—over 5 tons. A single-reeved hoist uses one rope on the drum, while a double-reeved hoist uses two ropes on the same drum. Adjustments to the drum’s diameter can help control lateral movement and reduce hook drift in single-reeved models.

 

Types of hoists

Hoists can be classified based on their power source, suspension method, and lifting medium.

• Power: Hoists can be manual, electric, or pneumatic. Manual hoists use a pulley system, while electric or air-powered hoists offer greater efficiency and control. Choose the type that best fits your operational needs and budget.
• Suspension: The way a hoist is suspended depends on how you plan to use it. A stationary hook is ideal for vertical lifting, while a trolley-mounted hoist allows for horizontal movement along rails or beams.
• Lifting medium: This refers to the flexible material used to connect the load to the hoist. Common options include ropes, cables, roller chains, and welded link chains. Each has its own advantages depending on the weight and environment.

What is a Crane?

A crane is a more complex machine that not only lifts but also moves heavy loads in multiple directions. It consists of several parts, including the trolley, bridge, and hoist, which work together to provide full mobility across a workspace. Cranes are commonly used in manufacturing, construction, and logistics for handling large and heavy items efficiently.

Types of cranes

Cranes come in various types, each suited for specific applications. Some common examples include:

• Monorail crane: Operates on a single rail and follows a fixed path, making it ideal for streamlined operations in large facilities.
• Gantry crane: Often used in shipyards or outdoor areas, it has wheels and can operate independently without being attached to a ceiling.
• Top running crane: The bridge runs on overhead rails, allowing for efficient lifting and movement of heavy objects.
• Under running crane: The bridge is suspended beneath two beams, making it suitable for buildings with limited headroom.

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