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Brief description of the wrecker The wrecker is called the road wrecker, also called the trailer. It consists of a chassis, lifting device, lifting traction device, hydraulic system, and electrical control system. It is composed of a system, a vehicle body and a tool box, and is equipped with a number of functions such as lifting, dragging, lifting and lifting, and is applicable to obstacle removal operations of highways and urban roads. Classification of wreckers is mainly divided into categories by: drag and drop Siamese type, towing separation type, flat one drag two, multi-purpose wrecker, hydraulic automatic clamping type. Multi-functional wreckers are mainly divided into: lifting platform wreckers, truck-mounted flat wreckers are divided by traction tonnage: 2 tons, 3 tons, 5 tons, 8 tons, 10 tons, 15 tons, 25 tons, 30 Tons, 50 tons, 60 tons. Divided by brand: JAC Wrecker, Isuzu Wrecker, Dongfeng Cassidy Flat Wrecker, Dongfeng Duoli Kato Hanging Wrecker, Dongfeng Flathead Road Wrecker, Hongyan Heavy Wrecker, Steyr Heavy duty wrecker, flat wrecker, Iveco wrecker. Divided by operating ability: light, medium and heavy and super heavy. The light wreckers are aimed at light duty trucks, minivans and cars. The medium and heavy wreckers are targeted at mid- and heavy-duty trucks, large and medium-sized passenger vehicles, etc. The super-heavy wrecker is targeted at heavy duty trucks. Cars and super heavy semi-trailer series. Wreckers can be classified into carrying and hoisting traction according to their characteristics. The type of vehicle is to take the damaged vehicle to the carrying vehicle and transport it; the lifting and traction type is to use the lifting and traction device installed on the vehicle to lift (or lift) one end of the damaged car off the ground and the other end still touches the ground, and then lifts the vehicle. Traction wreckers dragged off the scene. The wreckers are basically converted by using the second-class chassis of the trucks. According to the structure of the wreckers, they can be divided into hauling, loading, lifting, and rescue (single-arm and double-armed) wreckers. Use Wreckers are special vehicles equipped with road rescue equipment. Faults and accidents are unavoidable when a car is on the road, especially on high-grade roads. The task of the wrecker is to remove the faulty vehicle or accident vehicle from the site in time to ensure unimpeded access. Therefore, road wreckers are also called road emergency vehicles. With the increase of high grade roads and in-use vehicles, wreckers have also developed. Wrecker application: Mainly used for road failure vehicles, urban illegal vehicles and emergency rescue. User's Guide 1. Connect the brake pedal together when the wrecker is walking on the road. 2. Correctly adjust the brake system of the wrecker. 3. Check the condition of the vehicle and tire inflation before driving the wrecker. 4, when walking on the road to open the wrecker's headlights and flashing lights. 5, "slow vehicles" logo should be hung in the wrecker or drag trailer obvious place. 6. If the weight of the wrecker is greater than the wrecker, do not drag it downhill. 7. Drag the heavy object uphill and downhill to hang the same file. 8, when the wrecker engine shutdown device to maintain a good working condition. 9. Keep the wrecker battery and starter system in good working condition. 10. When the wrecker is suddenly started, be sure to open the gear and turn the crank in the driver's seat. 11. Double-entry equipment must be equipped with a reversing alarm that can be heard. Troubleshooting Wrecker Troubleshooting
Maintenance and maintenance of the wrecker are mainly composed of: chassis, lifting device, lifting traction device, hydraulic system, electronic control system, body and tool box, etc., with a number of functions such as lifting, dragging and lifting, etc. Applicable to highways and city roads. The use of wreckers Wreckers are special construction vehicles designed to ensure the smooth flow of roads. They are important equipment for traffic management in busy urban areas and highways. It can quickly, timely and safely clear accidents, breakdowns, illegal vehicles on roads, and special vehicles to divert road traffic. First, the wrecker is divided into four categories: a lifting and detaching wrecker, a lifting and unloading wrecker, a flat wrecker, and an ordinary type. Among them, the lifting and separating type wrecker includes two types of jib rotary wrecker and non-rotating wrecker. Second, people often say that the 3 tons of wreckers, 5 tons of wreckers, 8 tons of wreckers, 20 tons of wreckers and other specifications of wreckers, in fact, refers to the kind of wrecker chassis The level of carrying capacity. It has a certain relationship with the total mass of the towed vehicle, but there is no inevitable connection. The larger the tonnage, the wrecker's operating capacity is correspondingly larger. Third, when wreckers are to be towed (drag) vehicles away from the site, they are generally supported and dragged. Support is to use the support arm of the wrecker to be lifted and pulled by the trolley. Dragging, that is, people often say hard drag, is the use of the wrecker will be hard to pull the trailer to drive. Among them, the care of the wrecker must meet the following two conditions. 1. The lifting weight of the supporting arm is not more than the lifting weight of the wrecker, and the lifting weight of the lifting arm gradually decreases as the supporting arm lengthens. 2. The quality of the rated care must not exceed its maximum total mass. That is to say, the total mass of the vehicles that are taken care of must not exceed the maximum total mass of the wrecker. For example, in the 5140TQZ wrecker, the total mass of the vehicle that is being held is not to exceed 14 tons at first, and the weight of the lifting point of the care arm is also considered to be within the rated lifting mass range. Wrestling ability of wreckers is related to the maximum total mass of the wrecker and engine power. Article 3.6 of GB7258 “Technical Conditions for Operational Safety of Motor Vehicles†stipulates that the specific power of motor vehicles shall not be less than 4.8 kW/t, and the dragging and pulling capacity of the wrecker must meet this requirement. For example, for a 5140TQZ wrecker, the maximum gross mass G is 14000kg, and the engine power is 132kW. Then the dragging quality G* of the wrecker must meet: G+G*≤132/4.8X1000, that is, G*≤ 13500 kg. From the above results, it can be seen that due to the matching of the bearing and the engine when considering the design of the chassis, the refitted wrecker has the same dragging and pulling capabilities. For safety, it should be used according to this regulation. Fourth, the use of the car's operation methods, precautions, etc., are used and the service life of the wrecker is extended. The market of wreckers With the rapid development of China's economy, the construction of highways has progressed by leaps and bounds, and the mileage has continuously increased. China's “five vertical and seven horizontal†highway main lines will be basically completed. The available wreckers are difficult to complete and remove obstacles, which seriously affect traffic. A wrecker manufacturer hopes to solve this problem by increasing the tonnage of the chassis. However, the ability to raise the holding capacity is limited, and the vehicle price increases several times, affecting the economic efficiency of users. Therefore, the market calls for wreckers with large lifting capacity and support. Development trend The heavy lifting of wreckers is a significant feature of the development of wrecker technology. With the adjustment of the heavy tonnage of China's automobiles, the development of the country’s western region, the construction of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project and the West-East Gas Pipeline, together with the construction of the Olympic Games and the start of construction of the Shanghai World Expo, improvement of road conditions, development of the transportation industry, and road transport The development of high-speed, intensification, specialization, and containerization will inevitably lead to the rise of heavy-duty auto industry (including special heavy-duty vehicles). As a wrecker that guarantees smooth roads, it must be heavy without condensation in order to meet the needs of heavy vehicles. The intelligentization of wreckers means that from the perspectives of safety, convenience, and humanity, smart devices such as remote control systems, organization security alarm systems, and emergency rescue systems are assembled in the system. The specialization of the wrecker chassis is an inevitable trend for the development of the wrecker industry in China. At present, all of the domestic wreckers are modified using a Type II chassis. The axle load distribution of the second-class chassis is designed according to the truck, which is different from the required axle load distribution when the wrecker is lifting. Lifting tendencies that tend to occur are still potential. The total mass of the wrecker is also less than its maximum total mass, but its rear axle has been overloaded. The axle load distribution of the second type chassis is not applicable to wreckers. As the wrecker is a kind of work vehicle, it needs to carry many work attachment tools with the vehicle. At present, the outer sides of the two beams of the second class chassis of China have been occupied by fuel tanks, batteries, and gas tanks, making it difficult to arrange a tool box to house the numerous operational accessories required by the wrecker. If the wrecker chassis is dedicated, these problems can be solved well. Operational safety and speed are two important indicators of roadblocked rescue. Special-purpose operating accessories are important guarantees for fast and safe operation. With the continuous increase in the types and styles of vehicles, the patterns of accidents and failures on the roads are ever-changing. Therefore, only by constantly developing safe, practical, and efficient operation aids can the needs of various types of obstacle clearing operations be met.
How to choose a wrecker? How to choose a road wrecker Must be selected according to the actual use environment. Wrecker must pay attention to the wrecker and traffic department of the auto repair factory. The wrecker must be able to meet the needs of the work. It is a reasonable choice. There are two things to note when choosing a road wrecker: 1. Select the types of wreckers, flat wreckers, tow trucks, wreckers, and wreckers. 2. Select the size of the wrecker, 3 tons, 4 tons, 8 tons, 16 tons, 20 tons and so on. Different types of road wreckers work in different obstacle removal environments, and the requirements for the arrangement of wreckers are also different. The same highway, some roads, medium-duty trucks and long-distance bus traffic more, while others are more heavy-duty trucks. In this regard, the configuration of the wrecker should be different. The former should be equipped with a medium-heavy wrecker and a device capable of clearing large buses. The latter should be equipped with a super-heavy wrecker. The same traffic police department in the city, some places need to clear more illegal motorcycles, and some need to clear the more illegal cars. In this regard, the former should be equipped with a motorcycle lift platform type wrecker, and the latter should be equipped with a clamp type wrecker. According to the new standard of wreckers, the technical parameter standards are the most important technical parameters for measuring the capacity of wreckers. The maximum care quality of a wrecker must not exceed the maximum design mass of its chassis. The maximum lifting mass refers to the lifting lifting quality of the wrecker when the effective length of the holding arm is at a minimum value. It shall satisfy the requirement that the wagon of the front axle is not less than 15% of the maximum total mass after the wrecker is in the supporting state. The bridge axle load must not exceed 20% of its allowable load; the axle load on the front axle must not exceed its allowable load at no-load.†The ratio of the lifting mass of the wrecker to the quality of the support is not less than 20%. According to these regulations, it can identify whether the technical parameters marked by the manufacturer on the wrecker are true and whether it meets the wrecker standards. The maximum lifting quality of a wrecker is one of the important parameters for measuring the technical performance of a wrecker. The QC/T 645-2004 standard stipulates that "the maximum lifting mass: the rated lifting mass of the wrecker when the effective length of the holding arm is the minimum", and "the axle load on the rear axle must not exceed its allowable value in the maximum holding state. 20% of the load." This is to calculate the maximum lifting quality of the wrecker according to the conditions of the rear axle. The overall arrangement can be rationally carried out. It is also possible to increase the weight of the wrecker's chassis to improve its maximum lift quality. The standard configuration and configuration standard configuration refers to the configuration required for the wrecker to meet the requirements for the clearance work within a certain range; the optional configuration means that the user can purchase some spare parts instead of the original standard accessories, or buy some Parts to expand the scope of work of the wrecker. If the hydraulic system has imported parts and domestic parts for matching; optional auxiliary wheels or other operating accessories to increase operating functions. The expressway wrecker expressway company is a large consumer of wreckers. After an expressway is opened, highway companies must invest millions or even tens of millions of dollars to purchase wreckers in order to ensure the smooth flow of highways. There are many types of wreckers and their sizes are not the same. How can we choose and arrange wreckers to ensure that we can not only accomplish the task of eliminating wrecks efficiently, but also save costs? Due to the work relationship, the writer often comes into contact with the first-line expressway obstacle-removing workers. Through contact and reflection with them, the author has a little self-determined view of how to configure the wrecker. First of all, we need to understand the structure, functions, and features of various types of wreckers. Wreckers according to the structure type is generally divided into supporting crane separation type, supporting hanging crane type, flat type, ordinary type four series. The lift-off separation type includes two types of rotation and non-rotation of the boom. Ordinary wreckers have been seldom ordered by customers due to their single function, and they are gradually being edged. Supporting cranes and lifting cranes are divided into light, medium and heavy types according to their working ability. The lifting and lifting type of wreckers generally only have the jib rotation for heavy vehicles, and the medium and light type cranes do not rotate. Flat-type wreckers are light-duty vehicles with only two tonnages, the 3 tonnage and the 5 ton. The most obvious feature of the flat wrecker is that it can handle two faults, that is, it can clean up two fault/incident cars at one time, which is especially suitable when there are many light fault vehicles. But its shortcomings are also evident: First, there is no hoisting capacity. For faulty vehicles that slide out of the road, they can only be supported by other wreckers or cranes; Second, the plate's winch retraction rope is slow, dragging the faulty car onto the flat plate takes longer; Third, the supporting arm of the flatbed car is limited by the structure. When it is laid flat, it cannot be completely lowered to the ground. It can only be lowered to a negative angle to support the arm to extend and retract to lift the fault/accident car. In this way, for some breakdown/accident vehicles with lower chassis, such as sports cars and some high-end cars, it is easy to bump the bumper of the faulty car when it is cleared, resulting in secondary damage to the fault/incident car. The characteristics of lifting and separating cranes and lifting cranes are that they can both drag and lift, and the speed of lifting the vehicle is fast. When the supporting arm is laid flat, it can be completely lowered to the ground and will not touch the faulty vehicle. The bumper does not pose the risk of causing secondary damage to the vehicle. There are various kinds of vehicles driving on the highway. Therefore, when purchasing a wrecker, you have to purchase a variety of different types of wreckers. Considering the tonnage, light, medium and heavy-duty wreckers should be installed. In general, wreckers can be classified into three categories according to tonnage: 1,8 tons of light vehicles, mainly 2 tons, 3 tons, 5 tons, 6 tons several models; 2,8 to 20 tons of medium-sized vehicles, mainly 8 tons, 12 tons, 15 tons, 20 tons of several models; More than 3,20 tons of heavy vehicles, mainly 25 tons, 30 tons, 38 tons, 48 ​​tons, 50 tons, 60 tons several models. Highways are generally managed by traffic police brigade and traffic police squadron. A brigade administers a number of squadrons, and a squadron generally manages highway mileage of 30-60 kilometers. Each squadron has a wrecker, and one wrecker is generally equipped with 3 to 4 wreckers, one each for light, medium and heavy wreckers. What kind of model is suitable for light, medium and heavy vehicles? It must be considered comprehensively. For the newly opened expressway, because the number of passing vehicles is still relatively small, the author believes that the basic configuration of a squadron should be a 3 ton carrier concentrator, an 8 ton carrier conjoined unit, and a 50-ton rotary car. Suspended models are most suitable. The 8-ton tow-hugging conjoined vehicle model has been able to hold ordinary bus models. There are not many models that are heavier than buses. When a breakdown/accident vehicle that is heavier than the bus appears, 50 tons of heavy-duty vehicles can be removed. It can guarantee 50 tons of wreckers have a certain attendance rate. It is a waste to have a car idle for a long time or low attendance. When the expressway is opened for a long time and there are a large number of vehicles, the squadron can add a 3-ton flat panel or a 5-ton flat panel accordingly. This will give full play to the advantages of the flat-bed model with one to two advantages and increase the smoothness of highways. Medium-sized vehicles can also be added when traffic is particularly busy. If considering a group as a whole, I believe that at least one battalion should be equipped with a wrecker with a 60-ton rotating crane, deployed to a squadron, instead of a 50-ton rotating wrecker, and a 60-ton wrecker. The squadron, which is located in the middle of the expressway, is convenient to support the other two sides of the clearing squadron to deal with the special heavy-duty fault vehicles. In addition, each squadron should be equipped with a variety of models, for example, a squadron with 5 tons of light vehicles, a squadron with 12 tons or 15 tons of medium-sized vehicles, and a squadron with 38 tons of heavy vehicles. With a wealth of vehicle configuration as the basis, we can change the matching of various types of wreckers at any time according to the changes in the specific circumstances of each squadron. In this way, not only can save costs, but also optimize the allocation of resources, can better play the role of the wrecker quickly remove obstacles. I have visited some highway squadrons and found that some of the squadron's wrecker configuration is not very reasonable. If any, the squadron is configured in such a way: a 3 ton carrier concentrator, a 30-ton rotary crane, and a 50 tons of rotating cranes. As the 30-ton wrecker has been able to clean most of the fault cars, the attendance of the 50-ton car has become very small. Such a configuration has caused 50-ton models to be often idle and wasteful. The 30-ton model may be prematurely scrapped due to high attendance. Moreover, a 30-ton rotary crane is much more expensive than an 8-ton or 15-ton carrier crane, so this configuration is unreasonable. The actual situation of the squadron is: Since the 30-ton model is equipped with the chassis of a domestic manufacturer, and the 50-ton model is equipped with a chassis of a well-known imported brand, the chassis of the 30-ton vehicle is more difficult to drive, particularly reflecting that the gear is not Hanging well, and driving comfort is not as good as a 50-ton wrecker, so wreckers are often more willing to drive a 50-ton imported brand chassis wrecker to remove obstacles, which in turn causes 30 tons of wreckers to sit idle. Of course, there are management issues here. Another example is that some squadrons are configured in such a way: a 3 ton flatbed car, an 8 ton carrier hookup, and a 50 ton rotary crane. Because the expressway has just opened, there are not many vehicles. When a small fault vehicle appears, the wrecked person only has to drive the flatbed. When the faulty car is some of the lower fault cars mentioned above, such as a sports car and some high-end cars, the flatbed car cannot be lifted with the support arm. Then, the flatbed back is dragged and the faulty car is obviously pulled onto the flat panel. It is more time-consuming and labor-intensive than dragging with a supporting arm and therefore it is not welcomed by the disabled. Moreover, the price of a flatbed car is more expensive than a car with the same tonnage. The use of wrecker warning lights requires the use of wrecker warning lights. Wrecker warning lights are classified into two types of colors: engineering yellow (civilian) and red and blue (police). The state requires the installation of red and blue police lights. Apply for a warning light and relevant procedures at the local authorities.
Wrecker Transmission Skills Overview With the automatic gearbox, people can complete the driving of the car with one foot and one brake, very easy. If the owner neglects to maintain the automatic transmission, the delicate automatic transmission is prone to malfunction. Tip 1: When the wrecker is parked for a long time, the shift lever still hangs in D. When waiting for a signal or traffic jam, if the time can maintain the shift lever in the D range within one minute, but for a long time, it is better to swap in N (neutral) and tighten the parking brake, otherwise it will The oil temperature of the transmission is increased, and the oil is easily deteriorated. Tip 2: When driving at high speed or downhill, shift the shift lever to slide in the N range. In order to save fuel, some drivers shift the shift lever to N-block to coast when driving at high speed or downhill, which is likely to burn the transmission. When the long slope is actually required to slide, the shift lever can be kept in the D block, but the engine can not be turned off. Tip 3: Start the engine in gears other than the automatic transmission P or N. Starting the engine outside the range of P or N, although the engine is not running, it is possible to burn out the neutral start switch of the transmission. Therefore, the engine can only be started in P or N range. Before starting the engine, make sure that the shift lever is in P or N range. Tip 4: Parking brakes are not used when parking ramps. When parking on the slope, there is a potential safety hazard if the parking brake is not used. Although the parking lock mechanism provided in the P position of an automobile equipped with an automatic transmission is generally seldom ineffective, it may cause accidents if it fails. . Tip 5: As long as the D block starts, you can increase the throttle to shift to the high gear. This practice is wrong. Because the shift operation should be "advanced early-advanced throttle, step on the throttle down ahead of schedule." That is, after the start of D block, keep the throttle opening 5%, accelerate to 40km / h, fast loose throttle, can be increased to a gear, and then accelerated to 75km / h, loose throttle can increase a gear. When driving down, press the driving speed and press the throttle slightly to return to the low gear. However, it must be noted that the throttle must not be stepped on. Otherwise, the low gear will be forcibly engaged and the transmission may be damaged.
Brief description of the wrecker The wrecker is called the road wrecker, also called the trailer. It consists of a chassis, lifting device, lifting traction device, hydraulic system, and electrical control system.
360-degree rotating suspended wrecker
Towing a Siamese Wrecker
| No. | Fault image | cause of issue | Method of exclusion |
| 1 | Wrecking arm lifting speed is slow and powerless | 1 hydraulic power system failure 2 telescopic mechanism control valve, overflow valve failure | 1 Check, adjust 2 disassemble, clean, adjust or replace damaged components |
| 2 | Wrecker boom telescopic vibration | 1 jib slider problem 2 telescopic cylinder is abnormal | Inspection processing |
| 3 | Wrong length of boom lifting section of wrecker cannot be compensated | 1 solenoid valve fault 2 circuit fault | 1 Clean the oil filter, replace the electromagnet 2 and check the external line fault |
| 4 | Wrecker Lifter Automatic Retraction | 1 telescopic cylinder failure 2 balance valve failure | Check and adjust telescopic cylinders and replace damaged components |
| 5 | Wrecker lifting mechanism does not move or move slowly | 1 vehicle control valve fault 2 hydraulic motor fault 3 balance valve fault 4 lift brake fault | 1 Inspection processing 2 Inspection processing 3 Adjustment replacement spring 4 Adjustment replacement spring |
| 6 | When the wrecker lifts up and works, the movement is interrupted | Check valve failure | Cleaning, replacement |
| 7 | Loss of load control when the wrecker falls | Balance valve failure | Open cleaning |
| 8 | Wrecker Lift Mechanism Brakes Cannot Open | 1 Shuttle valve stuck 2 Shuttle valve drained 3 Brake piston seal bad | 1 Service shuttle valve 2 Service shuttle valve 3 Service brake, replacement seal |
| 9 | Raise the limit and the volume does not ring | 1Bell damaged 2Over wound relay damaged | Overhaul |
| 10 | Wrecker car luffing cylinder automatic retract | 1 cylinder itself failure 2 balance valve failure | 1 Inspection process 2 Open cleaning, replace damaged components |
| 11 | Wrecker's amplitude change cylinder vibration | 1 There is air in the cylinder 2 The balance valve is improperly adjusted or the valve core is damaged and the orifice is blocked | 1 Multiple-amplitude operation when no-load, charge and exhaust 2 open, cleaning inspection, replacement of damaged components |
| 12 | Wrecker removal failure | Bidirectional hydraulic lock failure | Check and repair bidirectional hydraulic lock |
| 13 | Leg retract automatically when lifting | 1 Unidirectional 2 valve in the bidirectional hydraulic lock is poorly sealed 3 Oil leakage inside the cylinder | 1 Check the check valve in the bidirectional hydraulic lock 2 Check the sealing element on the cylinder piston |
| 14 | No action or slow movement during lifting | 1 Damaged hydraulic pump 2 Failure of relief valve 3 Damaged rotary joint 4 Damaged manual valve | Inspection repair |
| 15 | The oil temperature rises too fast | 1 Damaged or malfunctioning hydraulic pump 2 Contamination of hydraulic oil or insufficient oil | 1 replacement or repair 2 should replace or supplement hydraulic oil |
| 16 | Wrecker hydraulic pump does not rotate | Failure of power take-off or its operating air path | Check, repair or replace power take-off and air system |
| 17 | High return pressure | Filter plug | Should replace the filter |
| 18 | Wrecker hydraulic oil leakage | 1 The seal is damaged 2 There is something wrong with the tubing connection | 1 Replace seal 2 Tighten or replace connector 3 Replace tube |
| 19 | Bad power to the rotary joint | 1 Bad contact between brush and slip ring 2 Wire joint open welding | 1 Repair 2 Repair wire joints |
| 20 | Oil system noise | 1 There is air in the pipe 2 The oil temperature is too low 3 The pipes and components are fastened | 1 multi-action, charge exhaust 2 low-speed operation oil pump to warm or change the oil |
Lifting platform truck
Wrecker
One-two wrecker
How to choose a wrecker? How to choose a road wrecker Must be selected according to the actual use environment. Wrecker must pay attention to the wrecker and traffic department of the auto repair factory. The wrecker must be able to meet the needs of the work. It is a reasonable choice. There are two things to note when choosing a road wrecker: 1. Select the types of wreckers, flat wreckers, tow trucks, wreckers, and wreckers. 2. Select the size of the wrecker, 3 tons, 4 tons, 8 tons, 16 tons, 20 tons and so on. Different types of road wreckers work in different obstacle removal environments, and the requirements for the arrangement of wreckers are also different. The same highway, some roads, medium-duty trucks and long-distance bus traffic more, while others are more heavy-duty trucks. In this regard, the configuration of the wrecker should be different. The former should be equipped with a medium-heavy wrecker and a device capable of clearing large buses. The latter should be equipped with a super-heavy wrecker. The same traffic police department in the city, some places need to clear more illegal motorcycles, and some need to clear the more illegal cars. In this regard, the former should be equipped with a motorcycle lift platform type wrecker, and the latter should be equipped with a clamp type wrecker. According to the new standard of wreckers, the technical parameter standards are the most important technical parameters for measuring the capacity of wreckers. The maximum care quality of a wrecker must not exceed the maximum design mass of its chassis. The maximum lifting mass refers to the lifting lifting quality of the wrecker when the effective length of the holding arm is at a minimum value. It shall satisfy the requirement that the wagon of the front axle is not less than 15% of the maximum total mass after the wrecker is in the supporting state. The bridge axle load must not exceed 20% of its allowable load; the axle load on the front axle must not exceed its allowable load at no-load.†The ratio of the lifting mass of the wrecker to the quality of the support is not less than 20%. According to these regulations, it can identify whether the technical parameters marked by the manufacturer on the wrecker are true and whether it meets the wrecker standards. The maximum lifting quality of a wrecker is one of the important parameters for measuring the technical performance of a wrecker. The QC/T 645-2004 standard stipulates that "the maximum lifting mass: the rated lifting mass of the wrecker when the effective length of the holding arm is the minimum", and "the axle load on the rear axle must not exceed its allowable value in the maximum holding state. 20% of the load." This is to calculate the maximum lifting quality of the wrecker according to the conditions of the rear axle. The overall arrangement can be rationally carried out. It is also possible to increase the weight of the wrecker's chassis to improve its maximum lift quality. The standard configuration and configuration standard configuration refers to the configuration required for the wrecker to meet the requirements for the clearance work within a certain range; the optional configuration means that the user can purchase some spare parts instead of the original standard accessories, or buy some Parts to expand the scope of work of the wrecker. If the hydraulic system has imported parts and domestic parts for matching; optional auxiliary wheels or other operating accessories to increase operating functions. The expressway wrecker expressway company is a large consumer of wreckers. After an expressway is opened, highway companies must invest millions or even tens of millions of dollars to purchase wreckers in order to ensure the smooth flow of highways. There are many types of wreckers and their sizes are not the same. How can we choose and arrange wreckers to ensure that we can not only accomplish the task of eliminating wrecks efficiently, but also save costs? Due to the work relationship, the writer often comes into contact with the first-line expressway obstacle-removing workers. Through contact and reflection with them, the author has a little self-determined view of how to configure the wrecker. First of all, we need to understand the structure, functions, and features of various types of wreckers. Wreckers according to the structure type is generally divided into supporting crane separation type, supporting hanging crane type, flat type, ordinary type four series. The lift-off separation type includes two types of rotation and non-rotation of the boom. Ordinary wreckers have been seldom ordered by customers due to their single function, and they are gradually being edged. Supporting cranes and lifting cranes are divided into light, medium and heavy types according to their working ability. The lifting and lifting type of wreckers generally only have the jib rotation for heavy vehicles, and the medium and light type cranes do not rotate. Flat-type wreckers are light-duty vehicles with only two tonnages, the 3 tonnage and the 5 ton. The most obvious feature of the flat wrecker is that it can handle two faults, that is, it can clean up two fault/incident cars at one time, which is especially suitable when there are many light fault vehicles. But its shortcomings are also evident: First, there is no hoisting capacity. For faulty vehicles that slide out of the road, they can only be supported by other wreckers or cranes; Second, the plate's winch retraction rope is slow, dragging the faulty car onto the flat plate takes longer; Third, the supporting arm of the flatbed car is limited by the structure. When it is laid flat, it cannot be completely lowered to the ground. It can only be lowered to a negative angle to support the arm to extend and retract to lift the fault/accident car. In this way, for some breakdown/accident vehicles with lower chassis, such as sports cars and some high-end cars, it is easy to bump the bumper of the faulty car when it is cleared, resulting in secondary damage to the fault/incident car. The characteristics of lifting and separating cranes and lifting cranes are that they can both drag and lift, and the speed of lifting the vehicle is fast. When the supporting arm is laid flat, it can be completely lowered to the ground and will not touch the faulty vehicle. The bumper does not pose the risk of causing secondary damage to the vehicle. There are various kinds of vehicles driving on the highway. Therefore, when purchasing a wrecker, you have to purchase a variety of different types of wreckers. Considering the tonnage, light, medium and heavy-duty wreckers should be installed. In general, wreckers can be classified into three categories according to tonnage: 1,8 tons of light vehicles, mainly 2 tons, 3 tons, 5 tons, 6 tons several models; 2,8 to 20 tons of medium-sized vehicles, mainly 8 tons, 12 tons, 15 tons, 20 tons of several models; More than 3,20 tons of heavy vehicles, mainly 25 tons, 30 tons, 38 tons, 48 ​​tons, 50 tons, 60 tons several models. Highways are generally managed by traffic police brigade and traffic police squadron. A brigade administers a number of squadrons, and a squadron generally manages highway mileage of 30-60 kilometers. Each squadron has a wrecker, and one wrecker is generally equipped with 3 to 4 wreckers, one each for light, medium and heavy wreckers. What kind of model is suitable for light, medium and heavy vehicles? It must be considered comprehensively. For the newly opened expressway, because the number of passing vehicles is still relatively small, the author believes that the basic configuration of a squadron should be a 3 ton carrier concentrator, an 8 ton carrier conjoined unit, and a 50-ton rotary car. Suspended models are most suitable. The 8-ton tow-hugging conjoined vehicle model has been able to hold ordinary bus models. There are not many models that are heavier than buses. When a breakdown/accident vehicle that is heavier than the bus appears, 50 tons of heavy-duty vehicles can be removed. It can guarantee 50 tons of wreckers have a certain attendance rate. It is a waste to have a car idle for a long time or low attendance. When the expressway is opened for a long time and there are a large number of vehicles, the squadron can add a 3-ton flat panel or a 5-ton flat panel accordingly. This will give full play to the advantages of the flat-bed model with one to two advantages and increase the smoothness of highways. Medium-sized vehicles can also be added when traffic is particularly busy. If considering a group as a whole, I believe that at least one battalion should be equipped with a wrecker with a 60-ton rotating crane, deployed to a squadron, instead of a 50-ton rotating wrecker, and a 60-ton wrecker. The squadron, which is located in the middle of the expressway, is convenient to support the other two sides of the clearing squadron to deal with the special heavy-duty fault vehicles. In addition, each squadron should be equipped with a variety of models, for example, a squadron with 5 tons of light vehicles, a squadron with 12 tons or 15 tons of medium-sized vehicles, and a squadron with 38 tons of heavy vehicles. With a wealth of vehicle configuration as the basis, we can change the matching of various types of wreckers at any time according to the changes in the specific circumstances of each squadron. In this way, not only can save costs, but also optimize the allocation of resources, can better play the role of the wrecker quickly remove obstacles. I have visited some highway squadrons and found that some of the squadron's wrecker configuration is not very reasonable. If any, the squadron is configured in such a way: a 3 ton carrier concentrator, a 30-ton rotary crane, and a 50 tons of rotating cranes. As the 30-ton wrecker has been able to clean most of the fault cars, the attendance of the 50-ton car has become very small. Such a configuration has caused 50-ton models to be often idle and wasteful. The 30-ton model may be prematurely scrapped due to high attendance. Moreover, a 30-ton rotary crane is much more expensive than an 8-ton or 15-ton carrier crane, so this configuration is unreasonable. The actual situation of the squadron is: Since the 30-ton model is equipped with the chassis of a domestic manufacturer, and the 50-ton model is equipped with a chassis of a well-known imported brand, the chassis of the 30-ton vehicle is more difficult to drive, particularly reflecting that the gear is not Hanging well, and driving comfort is not as good as a 50-ton wrecker, so wreckers are often more willing to drive a 50-ton imported brand chassis wrecker to remove obstacles, which in turn causes 30 tons of wreckers to sit idle. Of course, there are management issues here. Another example is that some squadrons are configured in such a way: a 3 ton flatbed car, an 8 ton carrier hookup, and a 50 ton rotary crane. Because the expressway has just opened, there are not many vehicles. When a small fault vehicle appears, the wrecked person only has to drive the flatbed. When the faulty car is some of the lower fault cars mentioned above, such as a sports car and some high-end cars, the flatbed car cannot be lifted with the support arm. Then, the flatbed back is dragged and the faulty car is obviously pulled onto the flat panel. It is more time-consuming and labor-intensive than dragging with a supporting arm and therefore it is not welcomed by the disabled. Moreover, the price of a flatbed car is more expensive than a car with the same tonnage. The use of wrecker warning lights requires the use of wrecker warning lights. Wrecker warning lights are classified into two types of colors: engineering yellow (civilian) and red and blue (police). The state requires the installation of red and blue police lights. Apply for a warning light and relevant procedures at the local authorities.
Wrecker Transmission Skills Overview With the automatic gearbox, people can complete the driving of the car with one foot and one brake, very easy. If the owner neglects to maintain the automatic transmission, the delicate automatic transmission is prone to malfunction. Tip 1: When the wrecker is parked for a long time, the shift lever still hangs in D. When waiting for a signal or traffic jam, if the time can maintain the shift lever in the D range within one minute, but for a long time, it is better to swap in N (neutral) and tighten the parking brake, otherwise it will The oil temperature of the transmission is increased, and the oil is easily deteriorated. Tip 2: When driving at high speed or downhill, shift the shift lever to slide in the N range. In order to save fuel, some drivers shift the shift lever to N-block to coast when driving at high speed or downhill, which is likely to burn the transmission. When the long slope is actually required to slide, the shift lever can be kept in the D block, but the engine can not be turned off. Tip 3: Start the engine in gears other than the automatic transmission P or N. Starting the engine outside the range of P or N, although the engine is not running, it is possible to burn out the neutral start switch of the transmission. Therefore, the engine can only be started in P or N range. Before starting the engine, make sure that the shift lever is in P or N range. Tip 4: Parking brakes are not used when parking ramps. When parking on the slope, there is a potential safety hazard if the parking brake is not used. Although the parking lock mechanism provided in the P position of an automobile equipped with an automatic transmission is generally seldom ineffective, it may cause accidents if it fails. . Tip 5: As long as the D block starts, you can increase the throttle to shift to the high gear. This practice is wrong. Because the shift operation should be "advanced early-advanced throttle, step on the throttle down ahead of schedule." That is, after the start of D block, keep the throttle opening 5%, accelerate to 40km / h, fast loose throttle, can be increased to a gear, and then accelerated to 75km / h, loose throttle can increase a gear. When driving down, press the driving speed and press the throttle slightly to return to the low gear. However, it must be noted that the throttle must not be stepped on. Otherwise, the low gear will be forcibly engaged and the transmission may be damaged.
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