Huang Siqi Fu Xinghua He Qiaosheng (Luzhou City Bureau of Agriculture Anren County Bureau of Agriculture)
The author engaged in the production of hybrid rice for many years and summed up the "three-character (word) classics" of hybrid rice seed production techniques in his work practice. Now introduced to readers.
1 Seed germination and troubleshooting techniques for a dip and two hot coal ash
1.1 Advantages and Application Effects
The law is an improvement over the traditional method of coal ash seed dressing. By means of leaching, ie, soaking, soaking, seedlings are prevented from bastard disease, and the hot seeds of hot bath are mixed with hot and humid coal ash, ie, two hot. In the germination, seed water absorption is slow, which is conducive to the establishment of complete cell membrane structure and the completion of cell component repair, and creates a suitable temperature and humidity, adequate oxygen environment, plus the separation effect of coal ash on good waste seeds. Regardless of the new species, no matter whether it is a good seed or a bud seed, the germinating effect is obtained after germination, and the roots are thick and strong, and the rate of pod formation is increased.
1.2 germination technical points
The first is panning and disinfection. Washing with clear water can remove some of the seed pathogens and toxic substances, and use 0.2% strong chlorine liquid to soak seeds for 10 hours.
The second is to increase seed dressing coal ash and humidity. General coal ash, water, species = 1.2:0.5:1 ratio.
The third is standard operation. The dry coal ash is crushed and sifted. The hot and humid coal ash is mixed with hot water of 80-100°C, and then the disinfected seeds are washed and hot-filtered. The hot and humid coal ash is mixed while hot and the humidity is 35-38°C. , And keep warm (30 °C) and moisturize, until most of the seeds are broken and mixed with germination. When using conventional methods to germinate the seeds in case of high-temperature burning or germination of the moldy escarpating shell, the hot and humid coal ash can be mixed in after the washing, and the earlier the effect is, the better.
2 "Three phases" (flowering period, sowing date, sowing difference period) Arrange technology
2.1 Choose to arrange flowering
It is advisable to select a time period with a high meteorological safety factor in combination with the agricultural season and require the temperature to be 26 to 30°C, high temperature <35°C, low temperature >21°C, relative humidity 80% to 90%, breeze, little rain or no rain for 3 consecutive days. . In Wuzhou, the early-maturing planting arrangements are scheduled on June 25, and the medium- and late-maturing varieties will be arranged around July 5 and July 15 respectively. The summer and the second season will be arranged in mid-August.
2.2 Introversion of the seeding period of the first broadcast parent
According to the time of seeding and flowering and the duration of parental sowing, the planting dates for early, middle and late-maturing parents were estimated to be around April 15th, March 25th and March 20th, respectively. The early, late and late ripening sowing time for summer planting is around late April and early May.
2.3 Reasonable determination of the broadcast difference period lays the foundation for the flowering period to meet
The parental seeding difference period is based on the leaf difference, and the time difference is determined to be large, with the temperature difference as a reference, and when the leaves are at a slight time, it is time to wait for the leaves. In the case of paternal parenting, the female parent is a new species in Hainan, which has a time difference of 2 to 3 days, and leaves 0.3 to 0.5 leaves; when the female parent is an alternate species, the time difference is 2 to 3 days, and the difference is 0.3 to 0.5. leaf. 3 Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium "Three Elements" Collocation and Fertilization Technique in Hybrid Farming
3.1 Fertilization Principles and Proportions
Base fertilizer is the main fertilizer, accounting for about 70% of the total fertilizing amount; supplementing the top dressing, accounting for about 20% of the total fertilizing amount; skillful panicle fertilizer, accounting for about 10% of the total application amount; nitrogen-enriched phosphorus and potassium, heavy weight, central control, backup. According to 200 kg of per mu seeds, 11 kg of pure nitrogen, 6 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 9 kg of potassium oxide are required, ie, N:P2O5:K=2:1:1.5.
3.2 fertilization method
The base fertilizer is applied per acre with deep farm fertilizer 500-1000kg, compound fertilizer 35kg or superphosphate 35kg plus ammonium bicarbonate 35kg. Dressing: The father applies partial urea 3 ~ 5 kg or ammonium bicarbonate 7 ~ 10kg, female urea 5 ~ 7kg, potassium 4 ~ 5 kg. Panicle fertilizer: urea 3 ~ 5 kg, potassium 2 ~ 3 kg. Note: If no potassium fertilizer is applied for a long time, the stalks will be soft and the seed setting rate will be reduced and the seeds will be less full. In addition, the promotion of soil testing and formula fertilization, temporarily unqualified areas, superior fertility fields by the total amount of the above-mentioned reduction of 20% of the application is appropriate.