2Technical ways to increase seed production
The production of hybrid sugar beet seeds is different from other crop seed production. It must cross the long winter seasons across the year and then be transplanted to obtain the seeds. Each production step before and after wintering affects the increase of seed production.
2.1 Female root breeding
2.1.1 Selection of mother root breeding fields. In addition to isolation conditions in line with the necessary conditions for seed production, it is particularly important to select a flat land, a convenient irrigation, fertile soil, no salt and alkali hazards, and a plot with no high stalk crops as a mother root breeding field. It can effectively ensure that the size of the mother root is uniform, and it is conducive to wintering storage and expanding the multiplier coefficient.
2.1.2 Fertilization and sowing. After the winter wheat was harvested in early July, the soil was timely prepared and fertilized in full layers. The principle of fertilization is to apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and less nitrogen fertilizers. Site preparation requires fine, broken, flat and no crop residue. Sugar beet parent seed is expensive, in order to ensure the emergence of complete seedlings, in addition to taking accurate seeding measures, but also to adopt local conditions to take irrigation or sprinkler irrigation, flood irrigation is strictly prohibited. Mugen Field Mubao Miao 11,000 to 13,000 plants.
2.1.3 Management of Mother Root Field. For the management of the mother root field, in addition to two or three times of cultivating and weeding, and watering three times to ensure that the field is free of weeds, Miao Qi, uniform seedlings, and strong seedlings, it is very important to control the use of water in the later period. As temperatures drop, evaporation decreases, and natural precipitation increases in October, irrigation should be stopped in time to ensure that there is relatively little soil on the roots when the mother roots are harvested, which is beneficial to the air permeability in the pit during storage.
2.1.4 timely harvesting and cellaring. The root harvest should be before the soil freezes. The standard for trimming the mother root should not be to damage the apical buds, lateral buds, or white skin, and the roots of the petiole are scaly. The petiole length is not more than 0.5cm, and the petiole remains too long to easily rot in the process of cellaring and the mother root. Mother base storage pits should be selected where the terrain is high, dry, and leeward sunny. The mother root generally has a cellar height of 30 to 40 cm, leaving vent holes every 3 to 5 m, covering the top of the soil, and gradually increasing the thickness of the cover soil according to the temperature change, until the surface of the frozen soil layer has reached about 10 cm and then cover all the soil. Before and after the mother root in the cellar, it is necessary to ensure that the roots are not wilting, losing water, free from freezing, and not rot. When entering the pit, it is necessary to prevent too many plant leaves from mixing into the mother root, because the leaves rotting heat will cause the mother root rotten pit. In addition, care should be taken to prevent rat damage during the cellar period.
2.2 Mother Root Planting
2.2.1 planting time and methods. After several months of long winter storage of the mother root, it is very important that the cellar be planted in time. Premature planting is susceptible to freezing injury. Late planting of soil arid female roots is prone to wilting, and sprouts grow too long in crypts where ground temperature rises rapidly in the spring, and are susceptible to damage during cellaring, which is detrimental to the growth of stems and leaves after planting. In Ili Prefecture, planting is appropriate from late March to early April.
2.2.2 parental planting ratio and management. The parental ratio is 1:4. The mother row spacing is 60cm x 60cm, and the male parent row spacing is 60cm x 80cm. The parental roots of the parents should be distinguished. Branch planting should not be confused, and mixed planting should not be allowed. When the female plant height 30 ~ 35cm, the main locust hit 5 ~ 6cm, in order to promote branch growth. After the inflorescence grows to a certain length, the top should be removed to promote the growth of the lower inflorescence and promote grain filling and ripening.
2.2.3 Flowering regulation and supplementary pollination. The adjustment of the flowering period mainly takes place through the paternal topping time and the ceiling height. If the parental flowering period is earlier than the mother's flowering period and the top two or three times, the time for the flowering and loosening of the paternal plants can be delayed. If the father's flowering is late, he only plays the master. During flowering and loosening, insects can be used to help pollination, and pollination can also be artificially assisted.
2.2.4 Fertilization and top dressing. After planting, the mother root rapidly enlarges, and it is necessary to carry out vegetative growth as well as reproductive growth. The demand for fertilizer and water is very strong and attention must be paid to the supply of fertilizer and water. The principle of fertilization is to re-apply organic fertilizers, reasonably increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and appropriately control the amount of nitrogen fertilizers. In the soil preparation before winter, all organic fertilizers and 50% of chemical fertilizers will be applied deep in 20-30cm of soil. After the spring planting, the remaining cultivator will be used in combination with the last cultivator to recover the remaining fertilizer, and artificial acupuncture points may also be applied. The top-dressing fertilizer can effectively solve the nutrient supply in the later stage of the planting, especially the pollen grains should pay attention to the extra-root fertilizer. There are many different kinds of fertilizing materials out of the roots, mainly selecting fertilizer types that can promote the fullness of seeds and increase the seed setting rate, such as fertilizers containing trace elements such as potassium and boron.
2.2.5 timely watering. After beet transplantation, especially after topping, it enters the rapid growth stage, and it can not be short of water during the flowering filling stage. Generally, it is watered three or four times after planting. Stopping the water before the seed matures for half a month. The water stoppage will cause the plants to become greedy and late, while the lower grains will fall off, and the upper grains will be immature or empty, causing a decline in yield.
2.3 timely harvest
When the seeds on the lower branch of the sugar beet plant are grayish yellow and the outside of the seed kernel is dark, they can be harvested. The threshed seeds should be spread in time and not piled in heaps. The maximum thickness cannot exceed 40cm. When the hand grabs the grain, it is easy to disperse and the moisture is reduced to about 9% when the moisture is reduced to the storage. The product can be sold after further processing and packaging.